{"id":5415,"date":"2022-02-10T17:10:31","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T16:10:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinkonvicka.cz\/?p=5415"},"modified":"2022-02-13T12:45:23","modified_gmt":"2022-02-13T11:45:23","slug":"nejcastejsi-zraneni-ve-sportu-natazeni-svalu-na-zadni-strane-stehna-pricina-rizikove-faktory-predchazeni-zraneni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinkonvicka.cz\/en\/nejcastejsi-zraneni-ve-sportu-natazeni-svalu-na-zadni-strane-stehna-pricina-rizikove-faktory-predchazeni-zraneni\/","title":{"rendered":"Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed ve sportu – nata\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna (p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, rizikov\u00e9 faktory, p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Co znamen\u00e1 nata\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna? \nCo ho zp\u016fsobuje? \nJak\u00e9 jsou rizikov\u00e9 faktory vzniku? \nJak mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zet pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ho rehabilitovat? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zran\u011bn\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna (hamstring\u016f) je ne\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svalov\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve sportech, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rychl\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b polohy t\u011bla v prostoru (fotbal, rugby, atletika\u2026) nebo k rychl\u00fdm \u0161vihov\u00fdm pohyb\u016fm doln\u00edch kon\u010detin (tanec, bojov\u00e9 sporty, gymnastika..).<\/strong> Dle (1) je to nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se nekontaktn\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed v Australsk\u00e9m fotbalu, americk\u00e9m fotbalu, rugby, fotbalu a v atletick\u00fdch sprint\u00e9rsk\u00fdch discipl\u00edn\u00e1ch. Ze sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v\u00edm, \u017ee to nen\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost pouze profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch sportovn\u00edch sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed, ale mnohokr\u00e1t jsem byl sv\u011bdkem, \u017ee se zranil cvi\u010denec p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch cvic\u00edch (v\u00fdpady, v\u00fdskoky, p\u00e1nevn\u00ed mosty\u2026) v posilovn\u011b.<\/strong> Osobn\u011b jsem si zranil tuto oblast p\u011btkr\u00e1t a byl to i d\u016fvod, pro\u010d jsem ukon\u010dil p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve fotbalov\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 P\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vhodn\u00e1 rehabilitace zran\u011bn\u00ed hamstring\u016f je esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti ve sportu, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00ed neschopnosti a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed psychick\u00e9 pohody p\u0159i cvi\u010den\u00ed. Profesion\u00e1ln\u00edmu sportovci to m\u016f\u017ee zachr\u00e1nit kari\u00e9ru, proto\u017ee ztr\u00e1ta v\u00fdkonnosti v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed opakovan\u00e9ho zran\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch n\u00e1roc\u00edch kladen\u00fdch na jedince zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Definice: <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zran\u011bn\u00ed hamstring\u016f je definov\u00e1no jako po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b (natr\u017een\u00ed, namo\u017een\u00ed) na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuje akutn\u00ed bolest a znemo\u017e\u0148uje pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1pase, sout\u011b\u017ei, tr\u00e9ninku.<\/strong> Projevuje se bolest\u00ed p\u0159i pasivn\u00edm nata\u017een\u00ed, slabost\u00ed oh\u00fdba\u010d\u016f kolene a citlivost\u00ed na dotek v m\u00edst\u011b zran\u011bn\u00ed (2).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Struktura a funkce Hamstring\u016f:\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jsou tvo\u0159eny poloblanit\u00fdm, polo\u0161la\u0161it\u00fdm a dvouhlav\u00fdm svalem stehenn\u00edm.\u00a0<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 P\u016fsob\u00ed jako stabiliz\u00e1tory pro excentrickou pr\u00e1ci kolenn\u00edho kloubu a SI kloubu (6). Tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i zano\u017een\u00ed, ohybu kolena a dvouhlav\u00fd sval nav\u00edc funguje jako zpomalova\u010d kolenn\u00ed extenze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina zran\u011bn\u00ed:\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I p\u0159es mno\u017estv\u00ed proveden\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f je p\u0159esn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nejasn\u00e1. Jako nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se jev\u00ed svalov\u00e9 nata\u017een\u00ed a nadm\u011brn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed excentrick\u00fdch sil\u00a0 (kdy\u017e se sval protahuje) (1).<\/strong> Je jist\u00e9, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed alespo\u0148 jeden zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd faktor. Velk\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 nata\u017een\u00ed (bojov\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed) nebo obrovsk\u00e9 excentrick\u00e9 s\u00edly (sprint).<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dal\u0161\u00ed diskutovanou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je hromad\u011bn\u00ed svalov\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed b\u011bhem z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. P\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m tr\u00e9ninku \u010di z\u00e1pasu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kozen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (namo\u017een\u00ed, natr\u017een\u00ed). Pokud je na z\u00e1klad\u011b neadekv\u00e1tn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed velik\u00e9, vznik\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed (1).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rizikov\u00e9 faktory:\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u011bk<\/b>: Dle (3) fotbalist\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed 23 jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ke zran\u011bn\u00ed hamstring\u016f v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0mlad\u0161\u00edmi.\u00a0 M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt d\u00edky ztr\u00e1t\u011b svalov\u00e9 hmoty a s\u00edly v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed: <\/b>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed hamstring\u016f zn\u00e1sobuje mo\u017enost v\u00fdskytu dal\u0161\u00edho. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt d\u00edky vzniku svalov\u00fdch jizev, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 excentrick\u00e9 s\u00edle a s\u00edle zran\u011bn\u00e9ho svalu p\u0159i nata\u017een\u00ed nebo zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 mechanice pohybu. Nezbytn\u00e1 je kvalitn\u00ed rehabilitace a diagnostika. Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je urychlen\u00fd n\u00e1vrat ke sportu, kdy\u017e sval nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b zahojen\u00fd. Pak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zran\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0prodlou\u017eenou dobou rekonvalescence.<\/p>

Svalov\u00e1 nerovnov\u00e1ha:<\/b>\u00a0 Siln\u00e9 svaly poskytuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed svalov\u00fdm zran\u011bn\u00edm (1). Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee rozd\u00edln\u00e1 s\u00edla hamstring\u016f mezi levou a pravou doln\u00ed kon\u010detinou je p\u0159edpokladem pro zran\u011bn\u00ed na slab\u0161\u00ed noze (4). Rovn\u011b\u017e nerovnov\u00e1ha mezi silou ky\u010deln\u00edch natahova\u010d\u016f (velk\u00fd sval h\u00fd\u017edov\u00fd, hamstringy, addukotory stehna..) mezi levou a pravou doln\u00ed kon\u010detinou byla p\u0159edpokladem ke zran\u011bn\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed nohy. S t\u00edm souvis\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost siln\u00fdch h\u00fd\u017ed\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 jsem psal v\u00a0minul\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku (viz. odkaz<\/a>).<\/p>

Tak\u00e9 nerovnov\u00e1ha mezi silou hamstring\u016f a \u010dty\u0159hlav\u00e9ho svalu stehenn\u00edho hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli. Pokud byl \u010dty\u0159hlav\u00fd sval v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hamstringy, pravd\u011bpodobnost zran\u011bn\u00ed se zvy\u0161ovala (4)<\/p>

U hamstring\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly v\u00a0minulosti zran\u011bn\u00e9, byla zji\u0161t\u011bna sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 s\u00edla v prota\u017een\u00e9 pozici doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny oproti hamstring\u016fm na nezran\u011bn\u00e9 noze. P\u0159itom p\u0159i zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9 pozici doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny byla s\u00edla stejn\u00e1 (1). V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0t\u00edmto bodem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 cvi\u010dit v\u00a0r\u00e1mci rehabilitace silov\u00e9 cviky v excentrick\u00e9 f\u00e1zi hamstring\u016f (rumunsk\u00fd mrtv\u00fd tah, nordick\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed, rolov\u00e1n\u00ed gymballu v\u00a0le\u017ee na z\u00e1dech apod.)<\/p>

Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 koordinace a motorick\u00e1 kontrola: <\/b>Ty jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 k\u00a0prevenci jak\u00e9hokoliv zran\u011bn\u00ed. Osobn\u011b jsem se dvakr\u00e1t zranil, proto\u017ee jsem vykon\u00e1val d\u0159epy na jedn\u00e9 noze bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 stability a kontroly pohybu. Nebyl jsem na dan\u00fd cvik p\u0159ipraven.<\/p>

\u00danava: <\/b>Z v\u00fdzkumu (1) vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee ke zran\u011bn\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch tr\u00e9ninku, sout\u011b\u017ee nebo z\u00e1pasu. Unaven\u00fd sval je n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ke zran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>

Postaven\u00ed p\u00e1nve:<\/b> Nadm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159edn\u00ed sklon p\u00e1nve (Velk\u00e1 bedern\u00ed lord\u00f3za) nut\u00ed hamstringy se v\u00edce natahovat. Zde se uplatn\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed svalstva v oblasti p\u00e1nve a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 d\u00fdchan\u00ed (6).<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dal\u0161\u00ed diskutovanou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je hromad\u011bn\u00ed svalov\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed b\u011bhem z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. P\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m tr\u00e9ninku \u010di z\u00e1pasu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kozen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (namo\u017een\u00ed, natr\u017een\u00ed). Pokud je na z\u00e1klad\u011b neadekv\u00e1tn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed velik\u00e9, vznik\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed (1).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Flexibilita <\/b>hamstring\u016f nehraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed (5). Jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se jev\u00ed flexibilita \u010dty\u0159hlav\u00e9ho svalu stehenn\u00edho. Jeho nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke vzniku zran\u011bn\u00ed. Dle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru je vliv flexibility sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n. Pokud je sval ztuhl\u00fd a slab\u00fd, jeho dal\u0161\u00ed protahov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161e je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161it.<\/strong> obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bychom se m\u011bli vyvarovat nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho statick\u00e9mu stre\u010dinku p\u0159ed pohybovou aktivitou. Ten m\u016f\u017ee nejen zhor\u0161it v\u00fdkonnost, ale i p\u0159isp\u011bt ke vzniku zran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>

Silov\u00e9 excentrick\u00e9 (kdy\u017e se sval natahuje) cvi\u010den\u00ed: <\/b>Jak u\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pos\u00edlit a zlep\u0161it aktivaci hamstring\u016f ve f\u00e1zi, kdy se sval natahuje. Cviky jako rumunsk\u00fd mrtv\u00fd tah a hlavn\u011b rumunsk\u00fd mrtv\u00fd tah na jedn\u00e9 noze, p\u0159i nich\u017e zlep\u0161ujete i stabilitu a koordinaci, V\u00e1m p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pomohou p\u0159edej\u00edt dan\u00e9mu zran\u011bn\u00ed. \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

Cvi\u010den\u00ed zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed nervosvalovou kontrolu doln\u00edch kon\u010detin a sval\u016f v oblasti p\u00e1nve: <\/b>Zde m\u016f\u017eeme za\u0159adit nejd\u0159\u00edve z\u00e1kladn\u00ed cviky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na dan\u00e9 partie (p\u00e1nevn\u00ed mosty, d\u0159epy, zano\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026), pozd\u011bji cviky na jedn\u00e9 noze a techniky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na n\u00e1cvik b\u011bhu (vysok\u00e1 kolena, starty, sprinty\u2026)<\/p>

Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed h\u00fd\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch sval\u016f: <\/b>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b slab\u00e9ho zadku doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i extenzi ky\u010dle (zano\u017een\u00ed) k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hamstring\u016f (6). T\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed k omezen\u00e9mu rozsahu do extenze, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee vy\u00fastit ve zran\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rehabilitace:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rehabilitaci zpravidla rozd\u011blujeme do t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed. V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme na ochranu svalu, zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu prota\u017een\u00ed a minimalizaci \u00fabytku s\u00edly prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm izometrick\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed (7). Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se sna\u017e\u00edme dos\u00e1hnout maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly v dan\u00e9m svalu p\u0159i bezbolestn\u00e9m pohybu (sval tolik neprodlu\u017eujeme) a rozv\u00edj\u00edme nervosvalovou kontrolu trupu a p\u00e1nve. Ve t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1zi prov\u00e1d\u00edme silov\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i nata\u017een\u00e9m svalu a sm\u011b\u0159ujeme k n\u00e1vratu k pln\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed bez rizika opakovan\u00e9ho zran\u011bn\u00ed (plyometrie, atletick\u00e1 abeceda\u2026)<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jako n\u00e1zornou uk\u00e1zku a mo\u017enou inspiraci p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1m rehabilita\u010dn\u00ed protokol ze studie (7) v p\u0159\u00edloze \u010d.1. Je rozd\u011blen na 3 f\u00e1ze a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba rehabilitace je 2-6 t\u00fddn\u016f. Po jeho absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ech 42 zran\u011bn\u00fdch sportovc\u016f vr\u00e1tilo pln\u011b do sportovn\u00edho odv\u011btv\u00ed a nebylo u nich zaznamen\u00e1no dal\u0161\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 2 let. Z 8 sportovc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed rehabilitaci nedokon\u010dili, se 4 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou letech op\u011btovn\u011b zranili.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zran\u011bn\u00ed hamstring\u016f je \u010dastou a nep\u0159\u00edjemnou komplikac\u00ed pro amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 i profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed sportovce. Vyplat\u00ed se mu aktivn\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. Za\u0159azujte cviky na rozvoj silov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed hamstring\u016f v excentrick\u00e9 f\u00e1zi pohybu, na posilov\u00e1n\u00ed natahova\u010d\u016f ky\u010dle (h\u00fd\u017e\u010fov\u00e9 svaly) a zapracujte na koordinaci pohybu a stabilit\u011b v oblasti p\u00e1nve a trupu. Pokud ke zran\u011bn\u00ed dojde v\u011bnujte zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost kvalitn\u00ed rehabilitaci a do sportu se vracejte, a\u017e kdy\u017e je zval pln\u011b zahojen\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reference:<\/b>\u00a0<\/p>

  1. Opar, D. A., Williams, M. D., & Shield, A. J. (2012). Hamstring strain injuries: factors that lead to injury and re-injury. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)<\/i>, 42<\/i>(3), 209\u2013226.<\/li>
  2. Opar, D. A., Drezner, J., Shield, A., Williams, M., Webner, D., Sennett, B., Kapur, R., Cohen, M., Ulager, J., Cafengiu, A., & Cronholm, P. F. (2014). Acute hamstring strain injury in track-and-field athletes: A 3-year observational study at the Penn Relay Carnival. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports<\/i>, 24<\/i>(4), e254\u2013e259.\u00a0<\/li>
  3. Woods C, Hawkins RD, Maltby S, et al. The Football Association Medical Research
    Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football – analysis of hamstring
    injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2004 Feb; 38(1) :36-41.<\/li>
  4. Sugiura, Y., Saito, T., Sakuraba, K., Sakuma, K., & Suzuki, E. (2008). Strength deficits identified with concentric action of the hip extensors and eccentric action of the hamstrings predispose to hamstring injury in elite sprinters. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy<\/i>, 38<\/i>(8), 457\u2013464.<\/li>
  5. Heiderscheit, B. C., Sherry, M. A., Silder, A., Chumanov, E. S., & Thelen, D. G. (2010). Hamstring strain injuries: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and injury prevention. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy<\/i>, 40<\/i>(2), 67\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2010.3047<\/li>
  6. Sn\u00e1\u0161el, M. (2017). P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, chyby a tipy k n\u00e1prav\u011b u zran\u011bn\u00ed hamstringu ve sportu\u00a0 Z\u00edsk\u00e1no 6.2.2022, z http:\/\/coretraining.cz\/2016\/08\/priciny-chyby-a-tipy-k-naprave-u-zraneni-hamstringu-ve-sportu\/<\/li>
  7. Tyler, T. F., Schmitt, B. M., Nicholas, S. J., & McHugh, M. P. (2017). Rehabilitation After Hamstring-Strain Injury Emphasizing Eccentric Strengthening at Long Muscle Lengths: Results of Long-Term Follow-Up. Journal of sport rehabilitation<\/i>, 26<\/i>(2), 131\u2013140.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    P\u0159\u00edloha \u010d.1: Rehabilita\u010dn\u00ed protokol ze studie (7)<\/b>\u00a0<\/p>

    F\u00e1ze 1<\/b><\/p>

    C\u00edle: <\/strong>ochrana zran\u011bn\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, minimalizace silov\u00e9ho \u00fabytku, prevence ztr\u00e1ty pohyblivosti<\/p>

    Ochrana: <\/b>vyhnout se pasivn\u00edmu nebo aktivn\u00edmu natahov\u00e1n\u00ed hamstring\u016f<\/p>

    Led:<\/b> 2x-3x denn\u011b<\/p>

    Cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/b> (3x t\u00fddn\u011b, izomterick\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den)<\/p>

    • Rotoped (10-20 minut)<\/li>
    • submaxim\u00e1ln\u00ed izometrick\u00fd tlak v \u00fahlech 100 \u0352,45 \u0352, 20 \u0352<\/li>
    • Balancov\u00e1n\u00ed na 1 noze (od 30 do 90 sek.)<\/li>
    • Balan\u010dn\u00ed podlo\u017eka (od 30 do 90 sek.)<\/li>
    • Mobilizace m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed (mas\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1lec, je\u017eek\u2026)<\/li>
    • Ultrazvuk<\/li>
    • Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed sval\u016f v oblasti p\u00e1nve (uno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vle\u017ee, zano\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vle\u017ee, zved\u00e1n\u00ed nata\u017een\u00e9 kon\u010detiny vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech) – 3 s\u00e9rie, 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
    • Bezbolestn\u00fd ohyb doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny v kolenn\u00edm kloubu v sed\u011b na stroji nebo s vyu\u017eit\u00edm expander\u016f – 3 s\u00e9rie, 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
    • Flossing sciatick\u00e9ho nervu vsed\u011b\u00a0<\/li>
    • Ledov\u00e1n\u00ed s elektrickou stimulac\u00ed (10-15 minut)<\/li><\/ul>

      Podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159echod na dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi:<\/b> Ch\u016fze bez bolesti, bezbolestn\u00fd submaxim\u00e1ln\u00ed izometrick\u00fd tlak doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny, \u00fahel v kolenn\u00edm kloubu 90 \u0352\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

      \u00a0<\/p>

      F\u00e1ze 2<\/b><\/p>

      C\u00edle: <\/b>Znovunavr\u00e1cen\u00ed pln\u00e9 s\u00edly hamstring\u016f postupn\u011b v cel\u00e9m rozsahu pohybu, rozvoj nervosvalov\u00e9 kontroly sval\u016f v oblasti p\u00e1nve a trupu postupn\u011b ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlosti pohybu, p\u0159\u00edprava na funk\u010dn\u00ed pohyb<\/p>

      Ochrana:<\/b> Vyhnout se maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu nata\u017een\u00ed hamstring\u016f, pokud je to bolestiv\u00e9,\u00a0<\/p>

      Led: <\/b>Po cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/p>

      Cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/b> (3x t\u00fddn\u011b)<\/p>

      • Rotoped (10- 15 minut)<\/li>
      • B\u011b\u017eeck\u00fd p\u00e1s s postupn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se rychlost\u00ed (vyhnout se bolestiv\u00e9mu pohybu)<\/li>
      • Excentrick\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm dynamometru, vyhneme se maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu prota\u017een\u00ed<\/li>
      • letadlo na 1 noze, 3 s\u00e9rie, 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
      • Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 balancov\u00e1n\u00ed na 1 noze (vyu\u017eit\u00ed m\u00ed\u010dku, \u010dinky apod.)<\/li>
      • Rolov\u00e1n\u00ed gymbalu vle\u017ee na z\u00e1dech, 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
      • Mas\u00e1\u017e m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed (mas\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1lec, je\u017eek\u2026.)<\/li>
      • Nordick\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed s fixovan\u00fdmi kotn\u00edky, 3 s\u00e9rie po 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
      • Poskoky stranou, 3 s\u00e9rie, 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
      • P\u00e1dy doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny vle\u017ee (terapeut dr\u017e\u00ed doln\u00ed kon\u010detinu ohnutou v kolenn\u00edm kloubu a pust\u00ed ji, cvi\u010denec se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u00e1d zastavit p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se kon\u010detina dotkne podlo\u017eky), 10 a\u017e 15 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
      • Bo\u010dn\u00ed a zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed ch\u016fze s expanderem kolem kotn\u00edk\u016f 60 – 120 krok\u016f<\/li>
      • Flossing sciatick\u00e9ho nervu vsed\u011b\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>

        Podm\u00ednky pro p\u0159echod na dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi:<\/b> bezbolestn\u00fd maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed izometrick\u00fd tlak doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny, \u00fahel v kolenn\u00edm kloubu 90 \u0352 , bezbolestn\u00fd b\u011bh dop\u0159edu i pozp\u00e1tku st\u0159edn\u00ed intenzity, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed intenzita v excentrick\u00e9 f\u00e1zi pohybu ve zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9m stavu svalu\u00a0<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/p>

        F\u00e1ze 3<\/b><\/p>

        C\u00edl:<\/b> Bezbolestn\u00fd pohyb b\u011bhem v\u0161ech aktivit, zlep\u0161it nervosvalovou kontrolu sval\u016f trupu a p\u00e1nve, integrovat postur\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrolu do sportovn\u00edch specifick\u00fdch pohyb\u016f<\/p>

        Ochrana:<\/b> Tr\u00e9nink bez bolesti\u00a0<\/p>

        Led:<\/b> Po cvi\u010den\u00ed (pokud je pot\u0159eba)<\/p>

        Cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/b> (3x t\u00fddn\u011b):<\/p>

        • B\u011b\u017eeck\u00fd p\u00e1s st\u0159edn\u00ed a vysok\u00e9 intenzity (dle pocitu bez bolesti)<\/li>
        • Dynamick\u00fd stre\u010dink (kop nata\u017eenou doln\u00ed kon\u010detinou p\u0159ed t\u011blem)<\/li>
        • Excentrick\u00fd tr\u00e9nink s vyu\u017eit\u00edm dynamometru v maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm pohybov\u00e9m rozsahu, 3 s\u00e9rie, 10 – 15 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
        • Mobilizace m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed (mas\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1lec, je\u017eek\u2026)<\/li>
        • Plyometrick\u00fd tr\u00e9nink (skoky z obou nohou, z jedn\u00e9 nohy, z jedn\u00e9 nohy do v\u00edce sm\u011br\u016f)<\/li>
        • Zrychlen\u00ed na 5-10 metr\u016f se zpomalen\u00edm pohybu<\/li>
        • Letadlo na 1 noze s \u010dinkami v ruk\u00e1ch, 3 s\u00e9rie, 12 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>
        • Sportovn\u011b specifick\u00fd tr\u00e9nink zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na postur\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrolu a zrychlen\u00ed<\/li><\/ul>

          \u00a0<\/p>

          Podm\u00ednky pro n\u00e1vrat do sportu: <\/b>excentrick\u00fd tr\u00e9nink v pln\u00e9m rozsahu pohybu s vyu\u017eit\u00edm maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed, proveden\u00ed sportovn\u011b specifick\u00fdch pohybu maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed bez bolesti\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Co znamen\u00e1 nata\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna? Co ho zp\u016fsobuje? Jak\u00e9 jsou rizikov\u00e9 faktory vzniku? Jak mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zet pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ho rehabilitovat? \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zran\u011bn\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna (hamstring\u016f) je ne\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed svalov\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve sportech, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rychl\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b polohy t\u011bla v prostoru (fotbal, rugby, atletika\u2026) nebo k rychl\u00fdm \u0161vihov\u00fdm pohyb\u016fm […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nNej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed ve sportu - nata\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna (p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, rizikov\u00e9 faktory, p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed) - Martin Konvi\u010dka<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martinkonvicka.cz\/en\/nejcastejsi-zraneni-ve-sportu-natazeni-svalu-na-zadni-strane-stehna-pricina-rizikove-faktory-predchazeni-zraneni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed ve sportu - nata\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna (p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, rizikov\u00e9 faktory, p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed) - Martin Konvi\u010dka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Co znamen\u00e1 nata\u017een\u00ed sval\u016f na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b stehna? 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