{"id":5715,"date":"2023-12-03T11:03:16","date_gmt":"2023-12-03T10:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinkonvicka.cz\/?p=5715"},"modified":"2023-12-06T18:32:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T17:32:48","slug":"svaly-kde-je-na-tele-protahovat-a-kde-posilovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinkonvicka.cz\/en\/svaly-kde-je-na-tele-protahovat-a-kde-posilovat\/","title":{"rendered":"Svaly – Kde je na t\u011ble protahovat a kde posilovat?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Svaly - Kde je na t\u011ble protahovat a kde posilovat?\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Co se v \u010dl\u00e1nku dozv\u00edte? <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\nCo je to sval?
\nJak sval ovl\u00e1d\u00e1me?
\nRozd\u011blen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken podle intenzity svalov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce
\nJak to je se svaly v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku?
\nRozd\u011blen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken dle funkce
\nKter\u00e9 partie je nutno protahovat\/posilovat?
\nJak zv\u00fd\u0161it rozsah pohybu?
\n\n\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Co je to sval?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Je to org\u00e1n umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pohyb. <\/b>Je tvo\u0159en svalov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny<\/b>. Ty se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z myofibril a ty se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se z myofilament, tj. aktinov\u00e1 filamenta a myosinov\u00e1 filamenta \u2013 s pr\u016fm\u011brem cca 10 nm.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak sval ovl\u00e1d\u00e1me?\n\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna jsou inervov\u00e1ny motoneurony (nervov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami). Motorick\u00e1 jednotka<\/b> p\u0159edstavuje po\u010det svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken inervovan\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u011b jednou nervovou bu\u0148kou.<\/p>

\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce dok\u00e1\u017eeme b\u011bhem vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu zapojit motorick\u00fdch jednotek, t\u00edm bude v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vyvinut\u00e1 s\u00edla, a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem bude i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost<\/b>. Kdy\u017e n\u00e1m vzr\u016fstaj\u00ed silov\u00e9 schopnosti, nemus\u00ed to tud\u00ed\u017e b\u00fdt pouze \u201czv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmi\u201d se svaly.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Podle intenzity svalov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se zapojuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. P\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 intenzit\u011b jsou to p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pomal\u00e1 a p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch intenzit\u00e1ch sp\u00ed\u0161e rychl\u00e1 svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n

Jejich pom\u011br je z 80% ur\u010den genetickou informac\u00ed (Dylevsk\u00fd, 2009). Zbyl\u00fdch cca 20 % se d\u00e1 ovlivnit tr\u00e9ninkem. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zm\u00ednit, \u017ee svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna n\u00e1m v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota nep\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e se m\u011bn\u00ed jejich pom\u011br.<\/p>\n

Pomal\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna – <\/b>vytrvalost, mal\u00fd objem,hodn\u011b prokrven\u00e9, energie z tuk\u016f, p\u0159\u00edsun kysl\u00edku.   <\/b><\/p>\n

Rychl\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna –<\/b> s\u00edla, rychlost, velk\u00fd objem, energie z cukr\u016f, bez p\u0159\u00edstupu kysl\u00edku. <\/p>\n

Pokud bude m\u00edt sportovec vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pomal\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken bude lep\u0161\u00ed vytrvalecs s \u201c\u00fatlej\u0161\u00ed\u201d postavou. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude m\u00edt p\u0159edpoklady k s\u00edle, rychlosti a jeho postava bude robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a v\u011bk\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Po 50. roce \u017eivota doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u00fabytku svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (Faulkner et al, 2007) tak, \u017ee v 80 letech ztr\u00e1c\u00edme a\u017e 50% svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. Roste tak\u00e9 pod\u00edl vytrvalostn\u00edch svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken na \u00fakor rychlostn\u00edch.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co z toho plyne?\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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  • Cvi\u010dte vytrvalostn\u011b<\/b> (b\u011bh, kolo, leh\u010d\u00ed \u010dinky – v\u00edce opakov\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026) i silov\u011b <\/b>(t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010dinky – m\u00e9n\u011b opakov\u00e1n\u00ed, obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cviky s vlastn\u00edm t\u011blem\u2026).\u00a0<\/li>
  • P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte, jak\u00e1 svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna pot\u0159ebuje\u0161 v\u00edce tr\u00e9novat vzhledem k va\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a z\u00e1lib\u00e1m.\u00a0<\/li>
  • Po 50. roce \u017eivota je cvi\u010den\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9, abyste udr\u017eeli svou s\u00edlu, koordinaci a stabilitu.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Rozd\u011blen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken dle funkce\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Tonick\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

    1. v\u00edce vytrvalostn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken<\/li>
    2. tendence ke zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed – je nutn\u00e9 je protahovat<\/li>
    3. vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed ve svalu<\/li><\/ol>

      F\u00e1zick\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

      1. v\u00edce rychlostn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken\u00a0<\/li>
      2. tendence k oslabov\u00e1n\u00ed – je nutn\u00e9 je posilovat<\/li>
      3. ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed ve svalu<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        pro\u010d je toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed pochybn\u00e9?\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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        1) Dle mnoha v\u00fdzkum\u016f (Parkkola et al., 1993; Polgar et al., 1973; ) tonick\u00e9 svaly neobsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce vytrvalostn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken a naopak.\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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        Nelze tedy tvrdit, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 skupina sval\u016f obsahuje p\u0159evahu pomal\u00fdch nebo rychl\u00fdch svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        2a) Nelze tvrdit, \u017ee svaly jsou p\u0159edur\u010deny ke zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        \u201cZkr\u00e1cen\u00ed\u201d svalu je Nejasn\u00fd term\u00edn. Vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je \u201cD\u00e9lka svalu\u201d <\/b>(Schlegel, 2021).<\/p>

        Dle v\u00fdzkum\u016f se zv\u011bt\u0161uje: <\/b>s r\u016fstem kost\u00ed; u sprinter\u016f (Abe et al., 2000), Po silov\u00e9m cvi\u010den\u00ed u senior\u016f (Timmins et al., 2016). Po dlouhodob\u011b vykon\u00e1van\u00e9m stre\u010dinku (v \u0159\u00e1dech mnoha m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f) (Panidi a kol., 2021).\u00a0<\/p>

        Zmen\u0161uje se <\/b>u senior\u016f nad 70 let o cca 10% (Narici et al., 2003). P\u0159i klidu na l\u016f\u017eku trvaj\u00edc\u00edm d\u00e9le jak m\u011bs\u00edc nebo imobilizaci (s\u00e1dra apod.).<\/p>

        Neexistuje jednoduch\u00fd model rozd\u011blen\u00ed sval\u016f na ty, kter\u00e9 obecn\u011b protahujeme a druh\u00e9, na kter\u00e9 c\u00edl\u00edme pos\u00edlen\u00ed (Hadvikov\u00e1 N., 2014). Ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed to dal\u0161\u00ed faktory (stres, denn\u00ed doba\u2026). M\u00edrn\u011b zkr\u00e1cen\u00fd sval v\u011bt\u0161inou b\u00fdv\u00e1 siln\u00fd, zat\u00edmco velmi zkr\u00e1cen\u00fd sval \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1 i velmi slab\u00fd. Zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak se mohou svaly chovat je n\u011bkolik, rozhodn\u011b ne dva, jak se v\u0161ude obecn\u011b u\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu a silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        V\u00fdsledky vybran\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f:\u00a0<\/p>

        • Seynnes et al. (2006) uk\u00e1zal r\u016fst d\u00e9lky \u010dty\u0159hlav\u00e9ho svalu stehenn\u00edho o 9,9%\u00a0 po silov\u00e9m tr\u00e9ninku 3x t\u00fddn\u011b po dobu 35 dn\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se pr\u016f\u0159ez svalu zv\u011bt\u0161il o 6,5 %.\u00a0<\/li>
        • V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 studii nedo\u0161lo ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu vlivem silov\u00e9ho tr\u00e9ninku(Walker et al., 2020).<\/li>
        • Sportuj\u00edc\u00ed maj\u00ed stejnou nebo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00e9lku svalu ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 populace (Kearns et al., 1998).\u00a0<\/li>
        • Silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje rozsah pohybu a jeho efekty jsou na \u00farovni stre\u010dinku (Morton et al., 2011).<\/li><\/ul>

          Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu neovliv\u0148uje jen protahov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink. Mimoto ho tak\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uje myofasci\u00e1ln\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00ed (v\u00e1lcov\u00e1n\u00ed sval\u016f), dechov\u00e9 techniky apod.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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          Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu a stre\u010dink\n\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
          • Stre\u010dink zvy\u0161uje rozsah pohybu v kloubech<\/b>, ale nezvy\u0161uje \u00farove\u0148 sob\u011bsta\u010dnosti star\u0161\u00ed populace (Stathokostas et al., 2012).\u00a0<\/li>
          • Kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b (t\u00fddny, p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00ed\u016f) neovliv\u0148uje d\u00e9lku svalu <\/b>(Panidi a kol., 2021). Sp\u00ed\u0161e zvy\u0161uje toleranci na nata\u017een\u00ed svalu\u00a0<\/li>
          • Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rozsahu pohybu je sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na CNS<\/b>, reflexn\u00edch d\u011bj\u00edch, fasci\u00edch ne\u017e na struktu\u0159e svalov\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna<\/li><\/ul>

            Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee stre\u010dink a silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu. I z tohoto d\u016fvodu je ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ovat se na prota\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch parti\u00ed a pos\u00edlen\u00ed jin\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t
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            2b) Nelze tvrdit, \u017ee svaly jsou p\u0159edur\u010deny k oslaben\u00ed\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            Oslaben\u00ed svalu je sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e genetickou predispozic\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm jeho s\u00edly, kdy <\/b>nedostate\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me sval. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli hraje nevhodn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Viz studie o poklesu s\u00edly jednotliv\u00fdch sval\u016f\u00a0 (Cuellar et al. 2017).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t

            3) P\u0159irozen\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed nem\u00e1 vliv na zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

            Tonick\u00e9 svaly maj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed\u00a0 klidov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e svaly f\u00e1zick\u00e9<\/b> (TO NEM\u00c1 VLIV NA ZKR\u00c1CEN\u00cd SVALU nebo ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed dr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla). Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u011blo v\u00e9st ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu (Schlegel, 2021).\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

            Nelze d\u00e1le tvrdit, \u017ee pohybov\u00e1 aktivita dlouhodob\u011b zvy\u0161uje svalov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Viz. v\u00fdzkum <\/b>\u00a0(Mckay et al., 2008), kter\u00fd zjistil, \u017ee po silov\u00e9 nebo vytrvalostn\u00ed aktivit\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed intenzity se nap\u011bt\u00ed svalu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m cca po 90 a\u017e 240 minut\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/p>

            Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 svalov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno bolest\u00ed, spasmy, u v\u00fdh\u0159ezu plot\u00e9nek, kdy je naru\u0161ena integrita m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, obecn\u011b fyzick\u00fdm \u010di psychick\u00fdch stresem (Mense & Masi, 2010).\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

            \n\t\t\t\t
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            Co z toho plyne? <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
            • Nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u011b ur\u010dit jak\u00e9 partie je nutno jen posilovat a jak\u00e9 jen protahovat. Je to zna\u010dn\u011b variabiln\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jedince, Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 protahov\u00e1n\u00ed a silov\u00fd tr\u00e9nink podobn\u00fd efekt na zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed svalu.<\/b><\/li>
            • Pohybuj se, cvi\u010d spr\u00e1vn\u011b v pln\u00e9m rozsahu pohybu a rovnom\u011brn\u011b. Vn\u00edmej a testuj se, jak\u00e1 partie je slab\u0161\u00ed nebo siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/li>
            • Za\u0159a\u010f metody pro uvoln\u011bn\u00ed sval\u016f (dynamick\u00fd stre\u010dink, myofasci\u00e1ln\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00ed, mas\u00e1\u017e, dechov\u00e9 techniky, autogenn\u00ed tr\u00e9nink\u2026).\u00a0<\/li>
            • Zap\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej nad sv\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem (jakou m\u00e1\u0161 pr\u00e1ci, v jak\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch setrv\u00e1v\u00e1 tvoje t\u011blo) a tomu p\u0159izp\u016fsob sv\u016fj tr\u00e9nink a \u017eivotn\u00ed styl.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

              Reference:<\/b>\u00a0<\/p>

              1. Schlegel, P. Anal\u00fdza teorie tonick\u00fdch a f\u00e1zick\u00fdch sval\u016f\u2013morfologick\u00e9 a funk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti.<\/div><\/li>
              2. Dylevsk\u00fd, I. (2009). Kineziologie- z\u00e1klady struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed kineziologie. Triton<\/li>
              3. Faulkner, J. A., Larkin, L. M., Claflin, D. R., & Brooks, S. V.
                (2007). Age\u2010related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology<\/i>, 34<\/i>(11), 1091-1096.<\/li>
              4. Parkkola, R., Alanen, A., Kalimo, H., Lillsunde, I., Komu, M., & Kormano, M. (1993). MR relaxation times and
                fiber type predominance of the psoas and multifidus muscle. An autopsy study. Acta Radiologica
                (Stockholm, Sweden: 1987), 34(1), 16\u201319.<\/li>
              5. Parkkola, R., Alanen, A., Kalimo, H., Lillsunde, I., Komu, M., & Kormano, M. (1993). MR relaxation times and fiber type predominance of the psoas and multifidus muscle. An autopsy study. Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden: 1987), 34(1), 16\u201319.<\/li>
              6. \u00a0Narici, M. V., Maganaris, C. N., Reeves, N. D., & Capodaglio, P. (2003). Effect of aging on human muscle
                architecture. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 95(6), 2229\u20132234.<\/li>
              7. \u00a0Abe, T., Kumagai, K., & Brechue, W. F. (2000). Fascicle length of leg muscles is greater in sprinters than distance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(6), 1125\u20131129.<\/li>
              8. Timmins, R. G., Shield, A. J., Williams, M. D., Lorenzen, C., & Opar, D. A. (2016). Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(23), 1467\u20131472.<\/li>
              9. Panidi, I., Bogdanis, G. C., Terzis, G., Donti, A., Konrad, A., Gaspari, V., & Donti, O. (2021). Muscle architectural and functional adaptations following 12-weeks of stretching in adolescent female athletes. Frontiers in Physiology<\/i>, 12<\/i>, 701338.<\/div><\/li>
              10. \u00a0Morton, S. K., Whitehead, J. R., Brinkert, R. H., & Caine, D. J. (2011). Resistance training vs. static stretching:Effects on flexibility and strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3391\u20133398.<\/li>
              11. Kearns, C. F., Brechue, W. F., & Abe, T. (1998). Training-induced changes in fascicle length: A brief review. Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology, 4(3), 77\u201381.<\/li>
              12. Stathokostas, L., Little, R. M. D., Vandervoort, A. A., & Paterson, D. H. (2012). Flexibility training and functional ability in older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Aging Research, 2012<\/li>
              13. Cuellar, W. A., Wilson, A., Blizzard, C. L., Otahal, P., Callisaya, M. L., Jones, G., Hides, J. A., & Winzenberg, T. M. (2017). The assessment of abdominal and multifidus muscles and their role in physical function in older adults: A systematic review. Physiotherapy, 103(1), 21\u201339.<\/li>

              14. Hadvikov\u00e1, N. (2014). <\/em>Prota\u017een\u00ed zkr\u00e1cen\u00fdch sval\u016f a pos\u00edlen\u00ed oslaben\u00fdch \u2013 skute\u010dn\u011b je to tak jednoduch\u00e9? Z\u00edskano 10.11.2023 z http:\/\/coretraining.cz\/2014\/11\/protazeni-zkracenych-svalu-a-posileni-oslabenych-skutecne-je-to-tak-jednoduche\/<\/em><\/p><\/li><\/ol>

                <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Svaly – Kde je na t\u011ble protahovat a kde posilovat? Co se v \u010dl\u00e1nku dozv\u00edte? Co je to sval? Jak sval ovl\u00e1d\u00e1me? Rozd\u011blen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken podle intenzity svalov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Jak to je se svaly v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku? Rozd\u011blen\u00ed svalov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken dle funkce Kter\u00e9 partie je nutno protahovat\/posilovat? Jak zv\u00fd\u0161it rozsah pohybu? Co je to sval? […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nSvaly - Kde je na t\u011ble protahovat a kde posilovat? - Martin Konvi\u010dka<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martinkonvicka.cz\/en\/svaly-kde-je-na-tele-protahovat-a-kde-posilovat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Svaly - Kde je na t\u011ble protahovat a kde posilovat? - Martin Konvi\u010dka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Svaly – Kde je na t\u011ble protahovat a kde posilovat? 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